Which of the following is a common risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in toddlers?

• A. Low iron intake.
• B. Adequate iron supplementation.
• C. High cow's milk intake (>24 oz/day).
• D. Regular physical activity.

Answer: (C)

Excessive cow’s milk consumption is a well-known risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. When a child drinks more than about 24 ounces per day, milk fills up the stomach and reduces appetite for iron-rich foods like meat and fortified cereals, leading to lower iron intake overall. Milk provides little iron and can even cause small amounts of GI blood loss in some kids, further decreasing iron stores. Because many toddlers drink a lot of milk, this pattern is a common and modifiable cause of iron deficiency. Adequate iron supplementation helps prevent deficiency, and while genuinely low iron intake is also a risk, the high milk intake is the most frequently observed contributor in this age group. Regular physical activity does not impact iron status.