How is lead exposure screening commonly performed in early childhood?

• A. Screen per local guidelines; commonly at ages 1 and 2; additional testing if risk factors or abnormal results
• B. Only at birth
• C. Only after age 6
• D. Not recommended

Answer: (A)

Lead exposure screening in early childhood is done with a blood test to measure blood lead levels. Because lead can affect neurodevelopment even without symptoms, guidelines focus screening during the period of highest vulnerability, typically around ages 1 and 2, when children are more likely to ingest lead from dust, soil, or mouthing objects. Screening is conducted according to local guidelines, which may offer universal testing or testing based on risk factors such as housing built before 1978 or living in high-prevalence areas. If a child has risk factors or an initial abnormal result, further testing or repeat testing is performed to confirm the level and guide interventions to reduce exposure. A venous blood draw is preferred for accuracy, though a capillary test can be used as an initial screen and should be confirmed if elevated.